#Will betelgeuse turn into a black hole Pc

Supernova progenitors for which there are direct detections display Motivated by recent results showing that a large fraction of type-II We investigate the lowest mass stars that produce Type-II supernovae, We conclude with a brief discussion of the effect of our approximations and the impact of additional physics.

#Will betelgeuse turn into a black hole Pc

Since 8 pc marks the nominal 'kill radius' for severe biosphere damage, any extinction-level events should have left terrestrial deposits of supernova debris.

We also demonstrate scenarios where the supernova remnant compresses the heliopause to within 1 AU, in which cases supernova material will be directly deposited on Earth. Our models show that a 10 pc supernova event, incident on a solar-wind outflow with the mean observed properties, compresses the heliopause to just beyond 1 AU. We demonstrate that key characteristics of the resulting heliospheric structure follow simple scaling laws that can be understood in terms of pressure-balance arguments, and which are in agreement with previous work. Our results are qualitatively consistent with the structure of the contemporary heliosphere modeled by previous work, but compressed to within the inner solar system. Our simulations explore dynamic pressure regimes that are factors ≥10 above those in other studies of the heliosphere under exotic conditions, for supernovae exploding at a range of distances through different interstellar environments, and interacting with solar winds of varying strengths. We present the first systematic numerical hydrodynamical study of the interaction between a supernova blast and the solar wind. A key open question concerns the delivery of supernova ejecta to the Earth, in particular penetration of the heliosphere by the supernova remnant (SNR). Nearby supernova explosions-within a few tens of pc of the solar system-have become a subject of intense scrutiny, due to the discovery of live undersea 60Fe from an event 2.8 Myr ago. The physical mechanism is under debate, and these SNe pose a challenge to stellar evolutionary theory. The recent discovery of a class of ultrabright type II SNe and the direct detection of some progenitor stars bearing luminous blue variable characteristics suggest some very massive stars do produce highly energetic explosions. There is some evidence to suggest that the majority of massive stars above 20 M_sun may collapse quietly to black holes and that the explosions remain undetected. The highly energetic, broad-lined Ic SNe are likely produced by massive, Wolf-Rayet progenitors. It appears that most type Ibc SNe arise from moderate mass interacting binaries. The minimum initial mass that can produce a supernova (SN) has converged to 8 ± 1 M from direct detections of red supergiant progenitors of II-P SNe and the most massive white dwarf progenitors, although this value is model dependent. The recent progress in finding such stars is reviewed.

Knowledge of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae is a fundamental component in understanding the explosions.